How a Garbage Disposal Works

Have you ever wondered what happens to the food scraps you rinse off your plates? Most likely, they go right into a kitchen device called a garbage disposal. This handy tool sits under your sink and helps manage kitchen waste by grinding up food scraps into tiny pieces. These pieces are then washed away with water through your plumbing system. Knowing how your garbage disposal works is not just interesting, but also contributes to keeping your machine running smoothly and avoiding kitchen mishaps or plumbing line clogs.

The Different Types of Garbage Disposals

Continuous Feed vs. Batch Feed

Garbage disposals come in a variety of types and sizes, each suited for different household needs. The two main types you'll encounter are continuous feed and batch feed disposals. Continuous feed models are the most common and convenient for many families. They work as long as the switch is on, and you are able to add food waste continuously while it runs. Batch feed models, on the other hand, require you to load them with waste and cover the drain before they start. This type can be safer because it prevents accidental insertion of foreign objects while the unit is operating.

Size & Horsepower

When it comes to power, garbage disposals are categorized by their horsepower (HP) capacities. Common classifications include 1/3 HP, 1/2 HP, 3/4 HP, and 1 HP. 

1/3 and 1/2 HP: Ideal for smaller households with less frequent use, and is capable of handling soft food waste.

3/4 HP or 1 HP: Can handle tougher and more voluminous food scraps without jamming or breaking down. Good for highly frequented kitchen stations.

If you are replacing a current garbage disposal, it is possible to switch from a lower horsepower disposal to a higher horsepower and vice versa. Check relevant measurement specifications such as connection clearance, drain connection width, and installation methods. The standard size of a garbage disposal ranges from 6 to 9 inches in diameter, and 10-15 inches in height. These dimensions are helpful when figuring what size disposal unit can fit under your specific sink.

Components and Accessories

Flywheel, Shredder Ring, Upper and Lower Chambers

A garbage disposal is more than just a spinning blade under your kitchen sink. It comprises several components that work together to grind and dispose of food waste. Among these, the shredder ring and the flywheel are key components. The shredder ring is lined with sharp impellers, which, in conjunction with the spinning flywheel, help to pulverize food scraps into small particles. These are then flushed out through the waste line. The disposal also includes upper and lower chambers that manage the flow of waste and water respectively.

Accessories

In addition to the standard components, there are several accessories that can upgrade the look of your sink that work with your garbage disposal. The disposal flange, for example, is a part that connects the disposal to the sink drain. It's available in various styles to match your kitchen decor and is compatible with most disposal systems, including popular brands like InSinkErator, or

configurations such as 3-bolt mount assemblies. Another useful accessory is the air switch button, which provides a convenient alternative to the traditional wall switch. Check out the best disposal air switch buttons available in popular finishes and learn how to install one yourself. This button can be installed on your countertop or sink, prompting you to activate the disposal with just a push, adding a layer of safety and convenience, as you don’t physically come in contact with the electrical source.

For those with dual-functionality needs, there are air switch button kits that come with an outlet kit. These kits not only enable the operation of the disposal, but also present the opportunity for the connection of another appliance, such as a dishwasher, to the same switch. This dual capability is particularly useful in kitchens where outlet space is limited. Kingston offers a single outlet and a dual outlet garbage disposal air switch kit in nine premium color finishes including polished brass, polished nickel, and matte black.

Local Regulations and Codes

Regulations may be in place for your location and are often influenced by local plumbing codes, environmental concerns, and the capabilities of wastewater treatment facilities. Here are some common points that might be covered by local regulations:

Permit Requirements: Some areas may require a permit to install a garbage disposal, especially if the installation involves major plumbing changes.

Prohibited Use: In certain municipalities, especially those with older or more sensitive sewage systems, the use of garbage disposals may be restricted or prohibited. This is to prevent pipe blockages and reduce the load on sewage treatment facilities.

Mandatory Type of Disposal: Regulations specify types of disposals that can be used, focusing on features like motor strength or food grinding capabilities to be in compliance with local sewage systems.

Water Use and Efficiency Standards: In regions with water scarcity, there may be regulations aiming to minimize water usage, which could affect how garbage disposals are utilized or the types of disposals permitted.

Food Waste Disposal Programs: Some localities encourage or require participation in food waste recycling programs instead of using disposals, aiming to divert organic waste to composting facilities.

To find out the specific regulations applicable in your area, it’s best to contact your local building department or municipal waste management authority. They can provide detailed information on any restrictions, requirements for permits, and recommendations for disposal types suitable for your local infrastructure.

Installation 

Garbage disposals are designed to fit under your kitchen sink and connect directly to your plumbing system. The installation process involves electrical connections and plumbing adjustments, which require professional expertise so that everything is set up safely and effectively. It’s also good to coordinate your sink and disposal, as certain disposals are better suited for specific sink types. For instance, farmhouse sinks, stainless steel sinks, and double basin sinks have different requirements in terms of the mounting assembly and the space available for installation.

Additionally, special installation kits and accessories could be needed depending on the model and type of disposal you choose. For example, a three-bolt mount system is commonly used for heavier, more powerful disposals due to its sturdy build. Conversely, easier snap-and-lock systems could be sufficient for lighter, less powerful models. 

Ensuring that your disposal is properly installed and compliant with local codes not only secures its operational efficacy but also safeguards your household from potential malfunctions or hazards associated with improper installation. Therefore, taking the time to get this step right is a necessity for any homeowner looking to add or replace a garbage disposal system.

How to Clean a Garbage Disposal

One aspect of disposal maintenance is knowing what should not be put into it. Hard objects like bones, fibrous materials like celery stalks, and non-food items can damage the blades or motor. Grease and oil can also accumulate over time, leading to clogs and bad odors. Being mindful of these limitations will help prevent mechanical failures and maintain optimal performance. Here are some effective and safe methods to clean your garbage disposal without causing damage:

Regular Flushing: Run cold water through your disposal for about a minute after each use. This helps to flush out any remaining food particles and prevents them from settling inside the disposal.

Ice Cubes and Salt: Occasionally, toss a handful of ice cubes into the disposal along with a half-cup of rock salt. Turn on the disposal and let the ice and salt combination scrub the grinding elements. This method helps remove built-up residue and sharpens the blades.

Baking Soda and Vinegar: Pour a half-cup of baking soda into the disposal followed by a cup of white vinegar. Let the mixture fizz for a few minutes to neutralize odors and loosen grime, then rinse it down with hot water.

Citrus Peels: Grinding citrus peels, such as lemon or orange, can naturally clean the disposal and leave a fresh scent. The oils in the peels also help to clean and deodorize the unit. Just be sure to use small pieces to prevent clogging.

Dish Soap and Boiling Water: Squirt a bit of dish soap down the disposal, then slowly pour boiling water into the disposal while it is turned off. After a few minutes, turn on the disposal and let cold water run to rinse everything through.

Brush Cleaning: For a deeper clean, turn off the power to the disposal at the circuit breaker. Use a long-handled scrub brush or an old toothbrush to manually scrub the inside of the grinding chamber. Be sure to focus on the upper part of the chamber and the underside of the rubber splash guard.

Avoid Harsh Chemicals & Materials

Avoid using harsh chemicals like bleach or drain cleaners, as these can damage the disposal's components and pipes. Also, steer clear of putting hard or fibrous materials in the disposal that can cause jams and dull the blades. Regular use of these cleaning methods will help keep your garbage disposal in good working order and extend its lifespan. A typical garbage disposal lifespan ranges from 8 to 15 years, depending on the maintenance upkeep and extent of usage.

Occasionally, even well-maintained disposals can encounter issues such as jams or clogs. When these problems occur consult our articles on How to Fix Your Garbage Disposal and Tips to Prevent Future Issues and How to Unclog a Kitchen Sink with a Garbage Disposal.