How to Tighten a Loose or Rocking Toilet

A loose or rocking toilet is a common issue that can lead to bigger problems if left alone. Not only can it be a nuisance, causing discomfort every time you sit down, but it can also result in leaks that may damage your flooring or compromise the toilet's stability over time. A loose toilet is usually caused by loose bolts, an uneven floor, or a worn-out wax ring. Fortunately, tightening a loose or rocking toilet is straightforward and most homeowners can do the job with a few basic tools and a little guidance.

What You’ll Need

Adjustable Wrench

Flat Head and Phillips Screwdriver

Level

Plastic or Rubber Shims

Replacement Bolts or Washers

New Wax Ring

Rags or Towel

Gloves

Having these tools and materials handy will make the task of tightening your toilet quick and easy, allowing you to get the job done efficiently and with minimal hassle.

How to Tighten the Toilet

Step 1

Inspect the Toilet Base

Examine the base of the toilet, and gently push and rock the toilet to identify the extent of movement. Look for any gaps between the toilet base and the floor, which may indicate unevenness or looseness.

Examine the Condition of the Bolts

Locate the toilet bolts on either side of the base. Check if the bolts are exposed, loose, or showing signs of rust and corrosion. If the bolts are hidden under caps, use a flathead screwdriver to pry off the caps carefully.

Look for Floor Damage or Unevenness

Check that the floor beneath the toilet is in good condition. Any warping or uneven spots on the floor can cause the toilet to rock.

Step 2

Level the Toilet - use a level, add shims if needed, trim excess

Place a level across the toilet seat or bowl to check if it is sitting evenly. If the toilet is not level, it could continue to rock even after tightening the bolts. If your floor is uneven, the best solution is to use plastic or rubber shims to level the toilet. Gently lift the lower side of the toilet and slide a shim between the base and the floor. Continue adding shims as needed until the toilet sits level. Once the toilet is stable and level, trim any excess shim material sticking out from under the base with a utility knife. This will give your repair a neat, finished appearance.

Tighten the Bolts

The toilet is secured to the floor with two bolts (commonly called closet bolts) on either side of the base. Using an adjustable wrench, tighten the nuts on the bolts by turning them clockwise. Apply even pressure and tighten each bolt gradually to avoid cracking the porcelain base of the toilet. Alternate between the two bolts to achieve even tightening.

Step 3

Test the Toilet for Stability

After tightening the bolts and leveling the toilet, test it gently by sitting on it and shifting your weight. The toilet should feel solid and not rock or move. If there is still some movement, re-check the bolts and tighten slightly if needed. Keep monitoring if the toilet remains level during this step. These steps will help you secure your loose or rocking toilet, providing a stable and safe fixture in your bathroom.

Additional Considerations

Corroded or Damaged Bolts

During the initial inspection, you may find that the toilet bolts are corroded, rusted, or damaged. Corrosion can weaken the bolts, making it impossible to achieve a secure fit. If the bolts are in poor condition, it’s best to replace them with new ones. When replacing bolts, opt for brass or stainless steel options for rust and corrosion resistance. 

Replacing Bolts

To replace the bolts, you will need to remove the toilet from the floor, which involves disconnecting the water supply and lifting the toilet. This process can be more invasive but is necessary if the bolts are too damaged to hold the toilet securely.

Replacing the Wax Ring

If you notice water seeping from the base of the toilet, or if there is a persistent unpleasant odor, it may indicate that the wax ring needs replacing. The wax ring creates a seal between the toilet and the drain pipe, preventing leaks and odors. To replace the wax ring, you must remove the toilet by disconnecting the water supply line, draining the tank and bowl, and carefully lifting the toilet off the bolts. Remove the old wax ring from the base of the toilet and the flange on the floor, then install a new wax ring before reseating the toilet. When reinstalling the toilet, align it with the bolts and press down firmly to compress the wax ring and create a secure seal. Tighten the bolts as described in the steps provided above to complete the replacement.